Modified Least Significant Bit Algorithm Applied in Digital Image Signature

  • Gabriel Nicoh H. Barrios College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Youzelle Migo F. Gundayao College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Francis Emanuel E. Santoyo College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Vivien A. Agustin College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Dan Michael A. Cortez College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Raymund M. Dioses College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines
  • Jonathan C. Morano College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to improve the embedding process and the integration of an additional layer of security to enhance the overall security of the based Least Significant Bit Algorithm.

Method – The study incorporated the use of NTRUEncrypt for the encryption of the plaintext message, and a randomized embedding technique by generating random pixel locations based on the Lorenz Chaos System. This was assessed using histogram analysis to show the difference between the original and the stego-image, Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).

Results – The modification has been evaluated using a histogram along with the result of its PSNR and MSE, at which the modified least significant bit algorithm obtains the highest PSNR score of 77.078% and the lowest MSE score of 0.0012% for the 512x512 image size, which resulted in a less distorted image and better quality of the image compared to the original base LSB.

Conclusion – The modification of the least significant bit algorithm successfully implemented a randomized embedding process through the Lorenz System and encrypted the secret message through NTRUEncrypt before embedding to further secure the message inside the image. Image distortion was also lessened as tested from the different sizes of images, which were tested through the PSNR and MSE metrics.

Recommendations – The study suggests the implication of machine learning algorithms in generating key pixel locations for data embedding and the use of text compression algorithms to reduce the size of the embedded secret message.

Research Implications – This study is a significant resource for future researchers interested in exploring literature on image steganography and secure communication. Thus, it introduces a novel approach by integrating lattice-based encryption and chaos systems, thereby enhancing secure communication through digital image steganography.

Author Biographies

Gabriel Nicoh H. Barrios, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Gabriel Nicoh H. Barrios is a determined researcher in the field of computer science, with a vision to push the boundaries of computing. Born in Kanagawa, Japan but raised in the Philippines, Mr. Barrios' interest in computing technology sparked his fascination with solving problems and helping other people. With flame in his eyes and eagerness to learn new things, Mr. Barrios and his colleagues embarked on a journey to find a way to further the field of computer science. Through hard work and inspiration from his loved ones and colleagues, Mr. Barrios discovered valuable insights into image steganography and general information security. Mr. Barrios' dedication to furthering the field continues as he strives for a more secure and progressive world.

Youzelle Migo F. Gundayao, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Youzelle Migo F. Gundayao is an optimistic researcher in computer science, who aspires to advance the limits of computing. He is a student at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Manila and is driven by his dedication and the support of his loved ones and peers to achieve his goals through diligent effort and inspiration.

Francis Emanuel E. Santoyo, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Francis Emanuel Santoyo is a Computer Science Student of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. He's been a competitive student and player-athlete. He had won a research contest back then in senior high school before going into college. His research involves innovation, challenges, security, and privacy. He currently works as a Designing and Branding Volunteer in Google Developer Student Club at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila.

Vivien A. Agustin, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Ms. Vivien A. Agustin is currently an Assistant Professor at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. She serves as the Program Chairperson of the Information Technology Department under the College of Information Systems and Technology Management. Before joining Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, she was a professor at the Universidad de Manila for 22 years, where she also served as the program coordinator. She earned a bachelor's degree in information technology from St. Paul University in Tuguegarao, Cagayan. Additionally, she holds a master's degree in information technology from Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (2021) and a Master of Public Management Governance from Universidad de Manila (2015). Currently, she is pursuing her Doctorate in Information Technology at La Consolacion University Philippines. She is a member of the Philippine Society of Information Technology Educators (PSITE-NCR), Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated, and Aloysian Publication. Having published her research on a global scale in the field of Information Technology, she is currently working on new research that she hopes to publish and present.

Dan Michael A. Cortez, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Dr. Dan Michael A. Cortez is currently the Vice President for Research Academic and Extension Services at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. He is also the former Program Chairperson of the Computer Science Department. He has ten (10) years of teaching experience. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. He also obtained his Master of Science in Information and Communications Technology degree from the same university. He finished his doctorate in Information Technology from the Technological Institute of the Philippines-Quezon City Campus. He is a member of the Philippine Society of Information Technology Educators (PSITE-NCR) and the Computing Society of the Philippines. He is also an author of various books and has already published his research in the field of Information Technology, both locally and internationally.

Raymund M. Dioses, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Raymund M. Dioses is currently Assistant Professor I at Pamantasan Ng Lungsod ng Maynila. He is from the Department of Education Senior High School Department before he entered Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila he is currently the chairman of the Computer Science Department under the College of Information Systems and Technology Management. His teaching abilities were greatly enhanced by working experience at CORE Gateway College Inc. (CGCI) where he served as one of the College Faculty and Chairperson of the Computer Education Department for eight (8) years and five (5) years in Senior High School as Teacher II at Department of Education. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science at St. Jude College. He finished his master's degree program in Master of Arts in Education majoring in Educational Management at CORE Gateway College, San Jose City Nueva Ecija.  He is studying another master's degree program in Master of Information Technology major in Computer Education, ongoing thesis at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.

Jonathan C. Morano, College of Information Systems and Technology Management, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Philippines

Jonathan C. Morano is currently lecturer I at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. He has more than 20 years of working and teaching experience in the field of Information Technology. His expertise inspires the next generation of students to get into the field of computer science. Mr. Morano graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from the Technological University of the Philippines. He obtained his Master of Arts in Teaching Major in Information Technology from Central College of the Philippines. As well as his Master of Science in Information Technology from La Consolacion University Philippines. He is also an author of various published research in the field of Information Technology, published both locally and internationally.

Published
2024-08-03
How to Cite
BARRIOS, Gabriel Nicoh H. et al. Modified Least Significant Bit Algorithm Applied in Digital Image Signature. International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, [S.l.], v. 8, p. 3010-3026, aug. 2024. ISSN 2546-115X. Available at: <//stepacademic.net/ijcsr/article/view/591>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 8 (2024): Volume 8
Section
Articles

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